Pdf chemical composition of various ephedra species. Mar 18, 2017 issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Ephedra foliata also produced ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. The plant is native to western asia, the middle east, and central asia, from egypt to iran and india. Ephedra species contain alkaloids ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine.
Leaves up to 101540 mm long including the ciliate sheath. Tiagi 1966 has studied the vascular anatomy of ephedra foliata while cressen and evert 1993 have given an impressive account of the vasculature in the stem of e. In vitro shoot and callus induction and alkaloid contents. Nodal anatomy of ephedra foliata botanical gazette. They are distributed in dry parts of punjab, haryana, rajasthan, kashmir and sikkim. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. Purpose of assessment the federal office of consumer protection and food safety bvl, in collaboration with the als working party on dietary foods, nutrition and classification issues, has compiled a hit list of 10 substances, the consumption of which may pose a health risk. Developmental analysis clearly indicates that double fertilization events, similar to those described ine. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Pdf evolutionary relationships in ephedra gnetales.
Mey is a xerophytic plant and grow sunder adverse soil and climatic conditions such as highlight intensity and high temperature. The various species of ephedra are widespread in many lands, native to southwestern north america, southern europe, northern africa, southwest and central asia, northern china and western south america. Access is allocated within two business days of purchase and lasts one year. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license, and they may or may not be available for reuse. Composition and stereochemistry of ephedrine alkaloids. Epidermal structure and ontogeny of stomata in vegetative and. The epidermal cells are polygonal, isodiametric, or elongated with thick or thin straight, arched, or slightly sinuous anticlinal walls. The total alkaloids contents of ephedra foliata ephedrine and psudoephedrine were. May 18, 2015 instrumentation and chromatographic conditions.
Meyer ephedraceae is a climber species distributed in sindh. Pdf arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi modulates dynamics. Ephedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in its family, ephedraceae, and order, ephedrales. In summary, the ephedra gerardiana root and stem extract. The text of this page is licensed under the creative commons attribution license version 3. Ephedra foliata shows some variation in the number of leaves at a node and, consequently, in the number of vascular. It is used for the treatment of asthma, cough and hayfever.
Pollen wall of ephedra foliata gamal elghazaly swedish museum of natural history palynological laboratory s 104 05 stockholm sweden john r. Plants have formed the basis of sophisticated traditional medicine systems that have been in existence for thousands of years. In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ephedra. Easily share your publications and get them in front of issuus. Jun 24, 2014 this page was last edited on 22 december 2019, at 22.
Shrubby horsetail ephedra foliata, ephedra ciliata, local name alanda growing on bushes of ziziphus in a silty depression on roadside of a road to zubara, area of al magdah farms. Because of adverse events and lack of efficacy, use is not recommended for weight loss or increased athletic performance. Jul 17, 2019 ephedra ephedra sinica is an herb with a long history of use in traditional chinese medicine for asthma, bronchitis, allergies, and cold and flu symptoms. Organogenesis in the cultured female gametophyte of. Ang ephedra sakop sa kabanay nga ephedraceae ephedra mao ang ika kahenera nga sa kabanay nga ephedraceae matang nga nahiubos. The epidermis of internodes and leaves shows longitudinal rows of cells and stomata. Meaning, reproduction and economic importance gnetales.
Seu uso medicinal esta documentado desde ha cinco mil anos na china, onde esta erva e conhecida pelo nome ma huang. Ephedra commonly known as joint pine, joint fir, mormon tea or brigham tea is the only genus in family ephedraceae and order ephedrales. In summary, the ephedra gerardiana root and stem extract and fraction possess antioxidant activities, which. This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus ephedra family ephedraceae. Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by crossref and updated daily. Ephedra profile ephedra ephedra sinica, also known as mahuang, is an herbal stimulant drug composed of two active compounds pseudoephedrine and ephedrine that are ingredients in many overthecounter products. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The two traces in each cotyledon are related to one pole of the root. Narendran, rita singh and prabha sharma systenzatic entomology laboratory, departnlent of zoology, university of calicut, kerala673 635 introduction ephedra fo. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi modulates dynamics tolerance expression to mitigate drought stress in ephedra foliata boiss article pdf available in saudi journal of. The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 332926 with original publication details. In vitro callus induction studies in ephedra foliata boiss. Shrubby horsetail ephedra foliata, ephedra ciliata, local name alanda growing on bushes of ziziphus nummularia on roadside of a road to zubara, area of al magdah farms. The ephedra plant belongs to the gnetum family gnetaceae.
Aug 05, 2019 the whole ephedra sinica plant has traditionally been used to treat symptoms of bronchial asthma, colds, influenza, allergies, and hives in teas or tinctures. This study can be utilized to initiate multiple shoots culture of ephedrathat may provide a good source of. Ginklasipika han iucn an species komo diri gud kababarakan. Study of the seedling anatomy of ephedra foliata reveals a connection between the vasculature of the root and that of the cotyledons. Ephedra foeminea, ephedra alata, ephedra altissima and ephedra foliata. Pdf the medicinal significance of ephedra is based on the sympathomimetic. Jul 18, 2015 the aim of this study was to measure the total alkaloids content tac, total phenolics content tpc, and total flavonoids content tfc and determine their relationship in dry herb of ephedra major, ephedra distachya subsp.
Indeed, the epidermal structure oi ephedra foliata and cordaites leaves is so similar that it may be cited as an additional argument in support of the cordaitean affinities of ephedra eames, 1952. Ephedra is an evergreen shrublike plant native to central asia, and mongolia. Chemical composition of various ephedra species bosnian journal. In vitro propagation of female ephedra foliata boiss. Article views are the countercompliant sum of full text article downloads since november 2008 both pdf and html across all institutions and individuals. Evolutionary relationships in ephedra gnetales, with implications for seed plant phylogeny october 2009 international journal of plant sciences 1708. In addition to the typical fusion of a sperm nucleus and egg nucleus.
The ephedrine and pseudoephedrine were higher in ephedra roots than in ephedra shoots and seeds, all callusculturesand some shoots cultures but they balancedin roots with shoots cultures of 15 mgl1 naa supplemented with 10 mgl1 kn. General information about ephedra foliata epefo eppo global database. In vitro shoot and callus induction and alkaloid contents of. Ephedra containing supplements are banned for sale in the united. Sign up to our newsletter get the latest wild news direct to your inbox. Org chemical composition of various ephedra species saida ibragic1, emin sofic1. The uplcuv analysis was performed using and modifying the parameters published by gurley et al. The pollen wall of ephedra foliata was examined by lm, sem and tem. Mey is a xerophytic plant and grow sunder adverse soil and climatic conditions such. It is an upstanding brushy bush that can grow up to 60 cm high. An ephedra foliata in nahilalakip ha genus nga ephedra, ngan familia nga ephedraceae. Scientific assessment of ephedra species ephedra spp. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in.
These side effects might be more likely if ephedra is used in high doses or longterm. Production of plantlets from the female gametophytes of. Ephedra foliata, with the common name shrubby horsetail, is a species of ephedra. These species grow in dry climate over wide areas of the northern hemisphere including north america,europe, north africa, and south west and central asia. Dec 05, 2002 with the safety of american troops resting on its shoulders, the u. Ephedra equisetina, ephedra foliata, ephedra nevadensis, ephedra sinica, ephedra triandra, ephedra trifurca, ephedra viridis selected other species.
The regeneration of roots was dependent upon the presence of naa, while bap had a modifying effect. The female gametophyte of ephedra foliata was used as an explant for the production of haploids as it is composed of haploid cells, all of the same genotype. It is also called commonly as joint pine, joint fir, mormon tea or brigham tea. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi modulates dynamics tolerance expression to mitigate drought stress in ephedra foliata boiss article pdf available in saudi journal of biological sciences 271. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of ephedra alata indicated the presence of cardiac glycosides, reducing sugars, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and alkaloids. The fda regulates ephedrine, the synthesized form of ephedra. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Ephedra is widespread and sporadic in distribution in arid regions of tropics and sub tropics of northern and southern hemisphere. The plants database includes the following 19 species of ephedra. Epidermal structure and ontogeny of stomata in vegetative. Ephedra foliata, with the common name shrubby horsetail, is a species of ephedra the plant is native to north africa, and southwest asia, from morocco and mauritania east to turkmenistan, pakistan, and punjab state in india. Pdf chemical composition of various ephedra species bjbms. The subsidiary cells are perigene and the development of stomata is typically haplocheilic.
Ephedrine can be produced by chemical synthesis and in its pure form. About 18 species occur in the old world and about 22 in the new world. In india, it is represented by 6 species namely ephedra foliata, e. Ang ephedra foliata sakop sa kahenera nga ephedra sa kabanay nga ephedraceae. Plant usually scandent or almost decumbent, up to 2 m or more long, stems slightly disarticulating when dry, with white pith. Thousands of new, highquality pictures added every day.
It is found in europe, western and central asia and central and south america. Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Plantae tracheophyta gnetopsida ephedrales ephedraceae ephedra ephedra foliata boiss. Development of stomata epidermal peels of young portions of the stems and leaves were stained in acetocarmine.
A component uplc system acquity uplc hclass consisted of a pump, vacuum degasser, reservoir of the mobile phase, a thermostatedauto sampler, a thermostated column compartment, pda e. Fertilization inephedra trifurca was examined with a combination of light and fluorescence microscopy. Rowley stockholm university botany department s 106 91 stockholm sweden abstract the pollen wall of ephedrafoliata was examined by lm, sem and tem. Your use of this pdf, the bioone complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of. The related ephedra foemina and ephedra foliata also lack ephedrine alkaloids and their metabolic precursors in their aerial parts. Ephedra use is linked to high blood pressure, heart attacks, muscle disorders, seizures, strokes, irregular heartbeat, loss of consciousness, and death. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Find ephedra stock images in hd and millions of other royaltyfree stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection. Kurze mitteilungen short communications department of botany, university of delhi, delhi 17, india production of plantlets from the female gametophytes of ephedra foliata boiss. Ephedra can cause severe lifethreatening or disabling conditions in some people. The epidermal structure and development of stomata in vegetative and reproductive organs of ephedra foliata and gnetum ula is described. Browse pictures and read growth cultivation information about ephedra ephedra alata supplied by member gardeners in the plantfiles database at daves garden. Ephedra foliata is found in drier tracts of plains of rajasthan, haryana and punjab.
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